Theidentificationofcropswhi,however,thereexistanumberofcropswhichwearenotabletoidentify,intermsofposition,,riceandmoncropsareintramarginal.”Common”cropsarethosewhichhavebeenmonlygrownunderafree-market.[1]Ifwearetosingleoutoneoftheseasclearlyintramarginalforourpresentdiscussion,,mosttenantfarmshadgrownricebeforethesharerestriction.[2],inTaiwanriceplantationscouldbesingleordoublecropping,butitwasphysicallyiasingtherateofplantingwasratherlimited.[3]Andthird,ricecropyield,foruplandriceinparticular,,theyieldpercropareamightwelldouble.[4]
IncreasingRiceCropArea
Asisseenintable3,using1948asthebaseyear,,[5]Thereasonforthedifferenceisthat,forpaddyrice,doublecroppinghadbeenmoremonbeforethesharerestriction,andtheopportunityforaddingadditionalcropswasmorelimited.[6]Forricecropsingeneral,thebestgrowingseasoninTaiwanrunsroughlyfromJulytoNovember.[7]Forsinglecropping,thereweremorefarmerschoosingtoplantthe”second”(JulytoNovember)cropthanthe”first”(MarchtoJuly),andthusthecropplantedfirstorearlierinthecalendaryearshouldbethemoref,however,wefindthatthefirstandsecondcropsincreasedbythesamepercentageincroparea(9.).Thereasonisthattheofficialcountingofthefirstandsecondcropisbasednotonthedateofplantingbutonthedateofharvesting(beforeorafterAugust15).[8]Forpaddyrice,thisdividinglinecutoffsomeoftheearlierplantedcropsandcountedthemas”second.”Thesamedividinglinedidnotaffectthecountingofuplandrice,,foruplandricewefinda44percentincreaseincropareaforthefirstcrop,[9]
IncreasingRiceYieldperCropArea
Whereastheincreaseincropareaasaresultofincreasingtherateofcroprotationisadiscretionaryvariabledeterminedinthemarket,thechangeinyieldpercrophectareisdependentnotonlyonthedensityofplanting,,howeverarbitrary,mustbemadeastowhetheraparticularseasonisgood,bad,(1948-51),letmep,intheannualreportsofagriculturallossesduetodrought,flood,andtyphoon,wedonotfindnotableannualdifferences.[10]Thus,theyearsunderstudymayberegardedas”normal”—orequally”abnormal”—andnaturewasnotasignificantfactoraffectingcropyields.
Comparedwith1948(thebaseyear),,www.youxs.org,[11]Therelativelysmallincreasein1949mighthavebeenduetothefacttha,wewouldexpectthecrophectareyieldforthesecondcroptoincreasebymorethanthefirst,sincetheshar,whereforthefirstcropwefinda10percentincrease,asparedtoa41percentincreaseforthesecond.[12]Theincreaseincrophectareyie,forexample,,[13]
Conclusions
Takingriceasanintramarginalcropdoesnotmeanthattherateofplanting(croparea),andtheincreaseincrop(a)thepredominanceofrice-growingintenantfarmsand(b)theresponseofriceyieldtotheincreaseinthedensityofplanting.
Wemeasuretheaggregateincreaseinannualriceyieldasequal,,[14]arms,theincreasesmightbegreaterfortenantfarmsthanindicated.[15]Atanyrate,underthesharerestrictionthelandownersrentalinesfromlandwerepartlyrestoredbytheincreaseinannualriceyield.
Asisshownintable3,theincreasesincropareaforriceandmoncropsarelowerthanforspecialcropsandvegetables.
Amongothermoncrops,wefindthattheincreaseinyieldpercropareagenerallyislessthanforrice,andforafewmoncropsthereisnoincrease.[16]Butthemorecrucialtestofthehypothesisofincreasedfarmingintensityliesnotinriceandmoncrops,butincropswhichwereaddedatthemargin.